IP Version 4
The IP Protocol for is the protocol that is used between network layers. It has two versions, version 4 and IPv6. Every IP packet has a payload and headers. Its headers are as given below:
# Packet Fragmentation
Packet fragmentation is achieved via the Fragment Offset, Identification and the MF/DF flags. When the DF bit is set, the router returns an error message instead of applying Non-Transparent Fragmentation. This way, the host can figure out the MTU split packets into smaller fragments. When a packet is fragmented the MF bit is set meaning it has more fragments to come. Moreover, the Identification field is used to indicate which packet it belongs to. Finally, the order of the fragments is communicated using the Fragment Offset header. Which includes the number of previous bytes in that packet.